ADDAMS was not a layer but she did find her ways at earning money. She was a leader of both men and women when she established the social area (Hull House) where people could do work (Brinkley). Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1932 on her recognition of social reform.
HULL HOUSE was a settlement at 335 Halsted Street, that was founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Starr, that opened in September of 1889 (Brinkley). Allowed for a new beginning and a new identity. Hull House was the headquarters for plans to clean up and close sweatshops and provided education and taught literacy in English to immigrants in Russia, Sweden, Italy, Ireland, and Bohemia who came to Chicago for work. Hull House also formed the bases of Christian Socialism and was built in the most crowded sweatshops and tenements within the city. It formed the beginning of an organized social services within Chicago. Many residents within Hull House wrote and talked about it and what they have accomplished there, it was the leading story in social work and settlements.
ADDAMS AND KELLEY met "on a snowy morning between Christmas 1891 and New Year’s 1892, I arrived at Hull House, Chicago, a little before breakfast time, and found there Henry Standing Bear, a Kickapoo Indian, waiting for the front door to be opened. It was Miss Addams who opened it, holding on her left arm a singularly unattractive, fat, pudgy baby belonging to the cook, who was behind hand with the breakfast. Miss Addams was a little hindered in her movement by a super-energetic kindergarten child, left by its mother while she went to a sweatshop for a bundle of cloaks to be finished.”(Arrival). Their method for accomplishing the improvements in the lives of the individuals was through the law. Each played a huge part when having the laws enforced and Kelley persuaded the state legislature to pass new laws and regulations- who carried it through the United States Congress (Arrival).
Florence Kelley
KELLEY was a known writer, translator, and had devoted the majority of her life to improving the living and working conditions for women and children (Kelley). With three of her very own children, Kelly escaped her abusive husband in NYC and fled to Chicago. Before Kelley got to Chicago she was already known as a very highly educated person; her father, William D. Kelley, a "self made" man, Congressman for over 35 years, judge, states attorney in Philly, writer, and showed an active role in the reform politics (Kelley). He married a woman that was a highly educated Quaker who was very active in the abolition movement. Not only did her parents influence her education but she also attended Cornell University where she was one of the first classes to graduate with women in the year 1882. At Cornell, she had written her senior thesis on the 'Subject of Laws' with the subcategory of child labor.
After she graduated from Cornell, Kelly temporarily taught in Philly soon earning enough money to go to graduate school. She studied economics and the social sciences at the graduate level at the University of Zurich, one of the only universities in Europe that would allow women in the graduate program. However, Zurich wasn't Kelley's first choice of graduate school, she was denied at both University of Pennsylvania (go Nittany Lions!) and Oxford University (Kelley).
She didn't stop at graduate school, she continued to take her education to the next level, studying law at Northwestern University School of Law and was also accepted to attend the Illinois Bar in July of 1895. Once she arrived in Chicago, she was widely known as a public speaker, fund raiser, political organizer, writer, translator of European socialist Frederich Engles, fluent in five languages, and was skilled within societal skill and law skills. Around 1892, the Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics hired Kelley to investigate the system within the garment industry and asked her to survey Chicago's 19th ward, where these findings are now kept in Hull House maps and papers (Brinkley). Because of her vast array of skills, John Peter Altgeld, Governor of Illinois appointed Kelley as the first Chief Factory Inspector.
Kelley didn't stop there, she later founded the National Child Labor Committee, in 1912, which was a huge contribution to the United States Children's Bureau (which was the only agency that was run by women) who funded many of the Sheppard- Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Acts that were administered by the Burea (all thanks to Kelley). 7 years later, Kelley was one of the founding members in the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and served as a vice president for the National American Woman Suffrage Association (Brinkley).
*Bibliography is under "More" in the "Bibliography" section.*